50+ Japanese Adjectives and How To Conjugate Them
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When studying a brand new language, verbs and conjugations go hand in hand. However in Japanese, thatâs not the one a part of speech thatâs conjugated! Japanese adjectives get the previous, current, and future remedy, too. To explain individuals, climate, meals, and extra, understanding Japanese adjective conjugation is essential for clear communication.Â
For a deeper understanding, put Japanese adjective and verb conjugation into observe with Rosetta Stone tutoring. You’ll be able to reinforce your information in real-time with knowledgeable language instructors, ask questions on core lesson content material, and get personalised suggestions.
How do Japanese adjectives work?
Japanese adjectives are break up into two classes: i-adjectives and na-adjectives. They’re named and recognized based mostly on how the phrase ends, much like how Japanese verbs might be referred to as u-verbs and ru-verbs.
When utilizing them, bear in mind what adjectives are. Adjectives describe nouns or noun phrases. This usually presents itself in considered one of two methods. Nouns might be preceded by an adjective, as in âa stunning chicken,â or described after the noun, as in âthe chicken is gorgeous.â This isn’t to be confused with adverbs, which clarify how an motion is completed, as in âthe chicken flew fantastically.â
Japanese i-adjectives
All i-adjectives finish within the Japanese character i (ă), in order that theyâre simple to establish. They’re additionally the commonest sort of adjective and performance most equally to English adjectives.Â
Japanese na-adjectives
Japanese na-adjectives are a little bit extra distinctive. They’re also called keiyoudoushi (ćœąćźčćè©), or âadjectival nouns.â The na (ăȘ) is just used when the adjective goes earlier than the noun itâs describing. The excellent news is that na-adjective conjugation is de facto simply the conjugation of the Japanese phrase for âto be,â making them simpler to make use of in a sentence.
Frequent Japanese adjectives lists
What Japanese adjectives must you study first? Phrases pertaining to each day life are place to begin. One of many commonplace phrases Japanese learners see first is the query âHow are you doing?â and its reply, which each use the adjective for âwholesomeâ or âenergetic.â
- Ogenki desu ka?ïŒăć æ°ă§ăăïŒïŒ = How are you doing? (Actually: Are you properly?)
- Genki desu. (ć æ°ă§ăăïŒ = Iâm doing properly.
That is however considered one of a number of adjectives it’s possible you’ll discover helpful when first beginning Japanese. Most of the adjectives beneath are good for including to your repertoire of Japanese phrases and phrases for journey!
Japanese adjectives for normal use
Adjective sort | Japanese | English |
i-adjective | ăăii | good |
i-adjective | æȘăïŒăăăïŒwarui | dangerous |
i-adjective | ć±ăȘăïŒăă¶ăȘăïŒabunai | harmful |
na-adjective | 性äžć€«ïŒă ăăăăă¶ïŒdaijĆbu | okay |
i-adjective | éąçœăïŒăăăăăïŒomoshiroi | fascinating |
na-adjective | 性ć€ïŒăăăžăïŒtaihen | robust (state of affairs) |
Japanese adjectives to explain objects
Adjective sort | Japanese | English |
i-adjective | ć°ăăïŒăĄăăăïŒchiisai | small |
i-adjective | 性ăăïŒăăăăïŒĆkii | large |
i-adjective | ć€ăïŒă”ăăïŒfurui | outdated |
i-adjective | æ°ăăïŒăăăăăïŒatarashii | new |
i-adjective | ć·ăăïŒă€ăăăïŒtsumetai | chilly (contact) |
i-adjective | ç±ăïŒăă€ăïŒatsui | sizzling (contact) |
i-adjective | 軜ăïŒăăăïŒkarui | mild |
i-adjective | éăïŒăăăïŒomoi | heavy |
i-adjective | ćźăïŒăăăïŒyasui | low cost |
i-adjective | é«ăïŒăăăïŒtakai | costly; tall |
Japanese adjectives to explain an individual
Adjective sort | Japanese | English |
na-adjective | ć æ°ïŒăăăïŒgenki | wholesome; energetic |
na-adjective | éăïŒăăăïŒshizuka | quiet |
i-adjective | ăăăăurusai | noisy |
na-adjective | äžæïŒăăăăïŒjĆzu | expert |
na-adjective | äžæïŒăžăïŒheta | unskillful; awkward |
i-adjective | ćŒ·ăïŒă€ăăïŒtsuyoi | robust |
i-adjective | ćŒ±ăïŒăăăïŒyowai | weak |
i-adjective | èăé«ăïŒăăăăăïŒse ga takai | tall |
i-adjective | èăäœăïŒăăăČăăïŒse ga hikui | brief |
i-adjective | çŸăăïŒăă€ăăăïŒutsukushii | stunning |
Japanese adjectives to explain climate and locations
Adjective sort | Japanese | English |
i-adjective | ćŻăïŒăăăïŒsamui | chilly (climate) |
i-adjective | æăïŒăă€ăïŒatsui | sizzling (climate) |
i-adjective | 涌ăăïŒăăăăïŒsuzushii | cool |
i-adjective | æăăïŒăăăăăïŒatatakai | heat |
i-adjective | æăăïŒăăăăïŒakarui | brilliant |
i-adjective | æăïŒăăăïŒkurai | darkish |
i-adjective | ćșăïŒăČăăïŒhiroi | broad |
i-adjective | çăïŒăăŸăïŒsemai | slender |
i-adjective | æ±ăïŒăăăȘăïŒkitanai | soiled |
na-adjective | ăăăïŒăăăïŒkirei | stunning; clear |
Grammar word: Some difficult na-adjectives, like kirei, finish in i and conjugate like regular na-adjectives. They’re few and much between however want particular consideration to make sure they’re used accurately.
Japanese adjectives to explain meals
Adjective sort | Japanese | English |
i-adjective | çŸćłăăïŒăăăăïŒoishii | scrumptious |
i-adjective | é žăŁă±ăïŒăăŁă±ăïŒsuppai | bitter |
i-adjective | çăïŒăăŸăïŒamai | candy |
i-adjective | èŸăïŒăăăïŒkarai | spicy |
i-adjective | èŠăïŒă«ăăïŒnigai | bitter |
Grammar word: In English, the phrases âlikeâ and âdislikeâ are verbs, however in Japanese, theyâre adjectives! âLikeâ (suki, ć„œă) and âdislikeâ (kirai, ć«ă) are each na-adjectives, however the contradiction of them being verbs in English and adjectives in Japanese means implementing them is a bit more difficult. To maintain issues easy, all you must say is Suki desu for âI prefer itâ whenever you need to inform somebody youâre keen on one thing.
>> Inquisitive about the best way to pronounce all of those adjectives? Grasp your Japanese pronunciation right here!
Methods to conjugate i-adjectives in Japanese
Like verbs, the current and future tense conjugations for Japanese i-adjectives are precisely the identical. If you happen toâre apprehensive about how laborious it’s to study Japanese, that is one side that makes Japanese a little bit simpler. Not like verbs, there is just one letter these adjectives finish in, which means the conjugation is identical throughout all i-adjectives.Â
The only irregular i-adjective in Japanese is ii (ăă), which suggests âgood.â Primarily based on the choice phrase for good, yoi (èŻă), the primary i will change to yo in its conjugations. It’s also utilized in a number of compound phrases, making it a flexible adjective in Japanese.

Current and future conjugations of Japanese i-adjectives
Technically, the dictionary type of the adjective doesnât have to be conjugated in any respect! Relying on the place the adjective is used within the sentence and if you’re being well mannered or informal, the conjugated âto beâ phrase desu might or might not be added. It’s acceptable to not use desu for those whoâre having an informal dialog.
Dictionary type | Affirmative type | English |
ć°ăăïŒăĄăăăïŒchiisai | ć°ăăă§ăchiisai desu | is small |
性ăăïŒăăăăïŒĆkii | 性ăăă§ăĆkii desu | is large |
ć€ăïŒă”ăăïŒfurui | ć€ăă§ăfurui desu | is outdated |
ăăii | ăăă§ăii desu | is sweet |
The unfavorable type is conjugated by dropping the i on the finish of the phrase and changing it with -kunai. Desu is added if the phrase is getting used formally. You might acknowledge the -nai a part of the ending for those whoâre already acquainted with Japanese verb conjugations.
Dictionary type | Unfavorable type | English |
ć°ăăïŒăĄăăăïŒchiisai | ć°ăăăȘăă§ăchiisakunai desu | isn’t small |
性ăăïŒăăăăïŒĆkii | 性ăăăȘăă§ăĆkikunai desu | is large |
ć€ăïŒă”ăăïŒfurui | ć€ăăȘăă§ăfurukunai desu | is outdated |
ăăii | ăăăȘăă§ăyokunai desu | isn’t good |
When utilizing adjectives in a sentence, whether or not the adjective goes earlier than or after the nouns itâs describing determines if desu is required. As a result of desu is the Japanese phrase for âto be,â it should solely seem within the conjugation itself if the adjective is on the finish of the sentence.
- Hana wa chiisai desu. (è±ăŻć°ăăă§ăăïŒ= The flower is small.
- Chiisai hana desu.ïŒć°ăăè±ă§ăăïŒ= It’s a small flower.
Previous conjugations of Japanese i-adjectives
The previous conjugations are additionally constructed by dropping the i on the finish of the phrase and changing it with a brand new ending. For the affirmative type, that is -katta, with the non-compulsory desu.
Dictionary type | Affirmative type | English |
çăïŒăăŸăïŒamai | çăăŁăă§ăamakatta desu | was candy |
èŸăïŒăăăïŒkarai | èŸăăŁăă§ăkarakatta desu | was spicy |
æ°ăăïŒăăăăăïŒatarashii | æ°ăăăŁăă§ăatarashikatta desu | was new |
ăăii | ăăăŁăă§ăyokatta desu | was good |
The previous unfavorable type for adjectives can be much like the plain type model for verbs. Drop the i and add -kunakatta for the previous unfavorable type of i-adjectives.
Dictionary type | Unfavorable type | English |
çăïŒăăŸăïŒamai | çăăȘăăŁăă§ăamakunakatta desu | was not candy |
èŸăïŒăăăïŒkarai | èŸăăȘăăŁăă§ăkarakunakatta desu | was not spicy |
æ°ăăïŒăăăăăïŒatarashii | æ°ăăăȘăăŁăă§ăatarashikunakatta desu | was not new |
ăăii | ăăăȘăăŁăă§ăyokunakatta desu | was not good |
Grammar word: Quite than conjugating this kind from the dictionary type, it could assist to consider it as conjugating the current / future unfavorable type. To do that, drop the i from the current / future unfavorable type (which already consists of -kunai) and add -katta.
Methods to conjugate na-adjectives in Japanese
Na-adjective conjugations are, in reality, an extension of the âto beâ conjugation. All you must do is connect the suitable conjugation of desu to the tip of the na-adjective and also youâre carried out!
Japanese | English |
ă§ădesu | is |
ăăăăăŸăăă»ăăăȘăja arimasen / ja nai | isn’t |
ă§ăădeshita | was |
ăăăăăŸăăă§ăăă»ăăăȘăăŁăja arimasen-deshita / ja nakatta | was not |
You’ll be able to see this within the following examples:
- Tomodachi wa nihongo ga jĆzu desu.ïŒćéăŻæ„æŹăäžæă§ăăïŒ= My good friend is expert in Japanese.
- Akachan wa shizuka ja arimasen.ïŒè”€ăĄăăăŻéăăăăăăŸăăăïŒ= The child isnât quiet.
When do you utilize na in na-adjectives?
Na solely seems in na-adjectives when the adjective goes earlier than a noun. As a result of na-adjectives are already much less widespread than i-adjectives, this may be simple to neglect, however it is very important embrace.
- Kirei na umi o mitai desu.ïŒăăăăȘæ”·ăèŠăăă§ăăïŒ= I need to see a fairly ocean.
- Taihen na mondai desu.ïŒć€§ć€ăȘćéĄă§ăăïŒ= This can be a robust downside.
Methods to conjugate Japanese adjectives with te-form
One of many different widespread conjugations in Japanese is te-form. That is distinctive to Japanese and takes its title from the te (ăŠ) on the finish of the conjugation. With adjectives, itâs primarily used to attach them as a substitute of utilizing the particle âand.â
For i-adjectives, drop the ultimate i and add -kute. For na-adjectives, add the teâtype of desu, which is de (ă§), to the tip of the phrase.
Dictionary type | Te-form | English |
ć°ăăïŒăĄăăăïŒchiisai | ć°ăăăŠchiisakute | small |
性ăăïŒăăăăïŒĆkii | 性ăăăŠĆkikute | large |
ăăii | ăăăŠyokute | good |
ć æ°ïŒăăăïŒgenki | ć æ°ă§genki de | wholesome; energetic |
éăïŒăăăïŒshizuka | éăă§shizuka de | quiet |
ăăăïŒăăăïŒkirei | ăăăă§kirei de | stunning; clear |
Connecting adjectives utilizing te-form
Utilizing te-form with adjectives is simple and quite common. As a result of âandâ isn’t used with adjectives or verbs, te-form is crucial.Â
- Sushi wa yasukute, oishii desu.ïŒćŻżćžăŻćźăăŠăçŸćłăăă§ăăïŒ= Sushi is low cost and scrumptious.
- NyĆ« yĆku wa urusakute, nigiyaka na tokoro desu.ïŒăă„ăŒăšăŒăŻăŻăăăăăŠèłăăăȘăšăăă§ăăïŒ= New York is a noisy and vigorous place.
Be careful for nouns that act like adjectives in Japanese
Some phrases used to explain nouns will not be adjectives however are nouns themselves. Colours in Japanese are some of the widespread examples. The noun type of the i-adjectives beneath is identical phrase with out the i. For instance, the noun type of akai (蔀ă, crimson) is aka (蔀).
Adjective sort | Japanese | English |
i-adjective | 蔀ăïŒăăăïŒakai | crimson |
i-adjective | éăïŒăăăïŒaoi | blue |
i-adjective | çœăïŒăăăïŒshiroi | white |
i-adjective | é»ăïŒăăăïŒkuroi | black |
i-adjective | é»èČăïŒăăăăïŒkiiroi | yellow |
i-adjective | è¶èČăïŒăĄăăăăïŒchairoi | brown |
noun | 玫ïŒăăăăïŒmurasaki | purple |
noun | ç°èČïŒăŻăăăïŒhaiiro | grey |
noun | ăăłăŻpinku | pink |
noun | ăȘăŹăłăžorenji | orange |
The way in which to make use of nouns as descriptors is by together with the Japanese particle no (ăź). Particles are a Japanese grammar element that identifies the position the phrases round them play within the sentence. There are various particles in Japanese grammar, however the usage of no is to attribute the noun following no with the standard of the noun previous it. This works for phrases like nations, too!
- Orenji no nekoïŒăȘăŹăłăžăźç«ïŒ= orange cat
- Nihon no tsĆ«kaïŒæ„æŹăźéèČšïŒ= Japanese foreign money
Key takeaways about Japanese adjectives
Japanese adjective conjugation is a crucial a part of studying Japanese, and itâs not difficult whenever you break down adjectives into the 2 varieties. Preserve these notes in thoughts, and also youâll conjugate Japanese adjectives with ease:Â
- The 2 forms of adjectives in Japanese are i-adjectives and na-adjectives.
- All conjugations of i-adjectives contain dropping the ultimate i and attaching a brand new ending.
- The phrase âto beâ (desu, ă§ă) is utilized in each varieties however is just conjugated for na-adjectives.
- Na-adjectives solely use na when previous a noun.Â